Studies & sources

Adults with obesity and sleep apnea had far fewer breathing interruptions per hour of sleep on tirzepatide than on placebo.

In people with fatty liver and obesity, retatrutide dramatically reduced fat in the liver as measured by MRI.

In a large heart-disease trial, people on semaglutide had 20% fewer major cardiovascular events than people on placebo over about 3 years.

In a mid-stage trial, adults with obesity lost roughly a quarter of their body weight on the highest dose of retatrutide over about a year.

In adults with type 2 diabetes, retatrutide produced large drops in HbA1c and substantial weight loss in a Phase 2 trial.

Adults with obesity lost about a fifth of their body weight on tirzepatide over 72 weeks, vs. ~3% on placebo.

Adults with overweight or obesity lost an average of about 15% of their body weight on weekly semaglutide over 68 weeks, vs. about 2.4% on placebo.

In a head-to-head trial in type 2 diabetes, tirzepatide lowered blood sugar and weight more than semaglutide 1 mg.

Recreational runners on NMN showed slightly better aerobic capacity after 6 weeks than the placebo group.

Hospitalized severe COVID-19 patients who received thymosin alpha-1 had lower mortality than matched comparison patients.

In a head-to-head trial, semaglutide lowered blood sugar and weight more than another GLP-1 drug, liraglutide.

In the FDA pivotal trials, premenopausal women with low sexual desire saw improvements on PT-141 compared with placebo, with nausea as the main side effect.

A review of how PT-141 is used and how it compares to other treatments for low sexual desire.

Older adults who took NR raised their NAD+ levels and some inflammation markers improved, but insulin sensitivity didn't budge.

Oral NR raised NAD+ levels and was well tolerated for 8 weeks in adults with overweight.

MOTS-c-treated mice ran longer on a treadmill and showed muscle gene changes that looked like a trained state.

Drug-like NNMT blockers (the class 5-Amino-1MQ belongs to) reduced body fat in obese mice, but the work stops at rodents.

The FDA accepted that AOD-9604 was safe enough to be used as a food ingredient — not the same as approving it as a drug.

On a brain scan, kisspeptin increased activity in sexual and bonding-related brain areas in young men.

A broad review of how GHK-Cu affects skin repair, with emphasis on topical and cosmetic uses.

In mice, MOTS-c kept insulin working better as the animals aged or gained weight.

People with anxiety disorders showed changes in a brain-growth protein (BDNF) after using Selank.

In IVF, kisspeptin successfully triggered eggs to mature with apparently lower risk of a dangerous overstimulation syndrome.

In a dish, dihexa boosted a growth-factor pathway that helps neurons make new connections.

In a dish, tendon cells exposed to BPC-157 made more growth-hormone receptors — which the authors suggest could help tendons respond to repair signals.

An eye-drop version of the parent protein helped dry-eye symptoms in a small trial — but this isn't the same as the injected TB-500 used in recovery circles.

After bowel surgery, patients on ipamorelin recovered gut function faster than patients on placebo.

In a small trial, topical LL-37 helped leg ulcers heal better than placebo.

When researchers lowered NNMT activity in mouse fat and liver, the mice gained much less fat on a high-fat diet even though they ate the same amount.

In animals with experimentally damaged hearts, thymosin beta-4 helped protect heart cells and improve recovery.

Adults with HIV-related belly-fat accumulation lost a meaningful amount of internal fat and liver fat on tesamorelin.

Older adults with cognitive concerns on tesamorelin scored better on tests of planning and memory than the placebo group.

In rats, dihexa given by mouth reversed memory deficits and grew new neural connections in the hippocampus.

In rats, BPC-157 sped up healing of gut injuries across many studies. This is a review of animal data, not human evidence.

KPV gets into gut cells through a known transporter and quiets a key inflammation pathway in a dish.

In a dish, Tβ4 made the cells that line blood vessels move around — a behavior linked to growing new vessels during healing.

In Russian stroke trials, Semax was linked to better neurological recovery scores than standard care alone.

The UK's drug regulator publicly told the public not to use Melanotan II.

Pooled across trials, more chronic hepatitis B patients cleared the virus with thymosin alpha-1 than with control treatments.

A review of how Semax has been studied for memory and attention in animals and small human groups.

Mice with experimental colitis got better when given KPV by mouth.

A review arguing that GHRH peptides like sermorelin are a more natural way to raise GH than injecting GH directly.

One shot of CJC-1295 raised growth hormone and IGF-1 for over a week in healthy adults — but the trial was small and short.

In a small trial in older adults, repeated CJC-1295 doses kept GH and IGF-1 elevated.

In a 12-week trial, AOD-9604 did not help adults with obesity lose meaningfully more weight than placebo did.

Vitamin D made human immune cells produce more LL-37, which helped them kill TB bacteria in a dish.

In a small Russian study, Selank reduced anxiety as well as a benzodiazepine — but without the same sleepiness.

Rats with cut Achilles tendons healed faster and stronger when given BPC-157 in this lab study.

A review by the lab that developed epitalon, summarizing decades of their own animal and small human work on it.

Pineal peptide preparations seemed to lower oxidative-stress markers in animals and small human groups.

Women who used a GHK-Cu cream for 12 weeks reported firmer, smoother skin compared with placebo.

In animals, ipamorelin released growth hormone cleanly, without raising stress hormones the way older drugs did.

Older adults on the sermorelin sequence had higher IGF-1 and small body-composition improvements after months of treatment.

Volunteers using Melanotan II in a small trial reliably became more tan — measured by an instrument, not just by eye.

Animal wounds healed faster with GHK-Cu, and the skin made more collagen.

A historical review that flagged how mixed and confusing the data on DSIP have been since the 1970s.

A small 1980s trial found DSIP modestly improved sleep in people with chronic insomnia.